r.
我们希望他愿意听她的话。
B if only+一般过去时/过去完成时表示遗憾(参见第300节wish+一般过去时或过去完成时):
If only he didn’ t smoke!
要是他不吸烟该多好!相当于:
We wish he didn’t smoke./We are sorry he smokes.
我们希望他不吸烟。/他吸烟我们感到遗憾。
If only(=I/We wish) Tom were here!
汤姆要是在这里就好了!
If only you hadn’t said,‘Liar’!
要是你没说“你撒谎”就好了。相当于:
We wish you hadn’t said,‘Liar’/We are sorry you said,‘Liar.’
颐窍M忝凰怠澳闳龌选薄#闼盗恕澳闳龌选保颐歉械揭藕丁?
C if only+would表示对于现在的动作的遗憾,可以作为 if only +一般过去时的替代说法,它具有 wish+would的含义:
If only he would drive more slowly!
要是他肯开得慢一些就好了!相当于:
We are sorry that he isn’t willing to drive more slowly.
他不愿意开得慢一些,我们感到遗憾。
if only+would也可以表示没有多大希望实现的关于将来的愿望:
If only(=I/We wish) the rain would stop!
要是雨能停该多好!(我/我们希望雨停,但我们想雨会继续下个不停。)(参见第300节与第301节有关wish部分。)
if only从句如上所述可以单独使用,也可以作为一个完整的条件句的组成部分。
?
[Amber demo]
229 间接引语中的条件句
?
A 条件句类型1的基本形式在这里时态的变化遵循通常的规律:
He said,‘If I catch the plane I’ll be home by five.’
他说:“我如果能赶上这班飞机,5点钟以前就可以到家了。”相当于:
He said that if he caught the plane he would be home by five.
他说他如果能赶上那班飞机,5点钟以前就可以到家了。
条件句类型2的基本形式在这里时态不变:
‘If I had a permit I could get a job,’he said.
他说:“如果我有许可证就能找到工作。”相当于:
He said that if he had a permit he could get a job.
他说如果他有许可证就能找到工作。
条件句类型3的基本形式在这里时态不变:
‘If she had loved Tom,’ he said,‘she wouldn’t have left him.’
他说:“如果她喜欢汤姆,就不会离开他。”相当于:
He said that if she had loved Tom she wouldn’t have left him.
他说如果她喜欢汤姆的话就不会离开他。
B 关于if从句+命令或者要求在间接引语中的例句(参见第320节与第321节):
He said,‘If you have time wash the floor.’
他说:“如果你有时间,擦一擦地板。”
He said,‘If you have time would you wash the floor?’
他说:“如果你有时间,你能擦一擦地板吗?”相当于:
He told/asked me to wash the floor if I had time.
他叫/要我有时间的话擦一擦地板。
He said that if I had time I was to wash the floor.
他说如果我有时间的话就擦一擦地板。
‘If you see Ann ask her to ring me,’he said.
他说:“如果你遇到安,叫她给我打个电话。”相当于:
He said that if I saw Ann I was to ask her to ring him.
他说如果我看到安,告诉她给他打个电话。(这里如用 ask+不定式结构就变得很拗口,也不十分清楚。)
Peter(on phone): If you miss the last bus get a taxi.
彼得(在打电话):如果你们误了末班车,就雇一辆出租汽车。
Peter says that if we miss the last bus we are to get a taxi.
彼得说如果我们误了末班车就雇一辆出租汽车。
(关于if you would…表示要求,参见第284节F。)
C 关于在间接引语中的if从句+劝告的表示法:
‘If you feel ill,’she said,‘why don’t you go to bed?’/‘…you’d bet- ter go to bed.’
她说:“如果你感到不舒服为什么不躺一下?”/…你最好上床休息。
She advised me to go to bed if I felt ill.
她劝我,如果感到不舒服了就上床休息。
She said that if I felt ill I’d better/I should go to bed.
她说如果我感到不舒服了我最好/应当上床休息。
‘If I were you I’d stop taking pills,’she said.
她说:“如果我是你的话,我就停止吃药。”相当于:
She advised me to stop taking pills.
她劝我停止吃药。
D if从句+疑问句结构在间接引语中通常把if从句置于句末:
‘If the baby is a girl what will they call her?’ he wondered.
他心里想:“如果生的是个女孩,他们会给她取个什么名字?”相当于:
He wondered what they would call the baby if it was a girl.
他心里想,如果生的是个女孩,他们会给她取个什么名字。
‘ If the door is locked what shall I do?’ she asked.
她问道:“如果门锁了我该怎么办?”相当于:
She asked what she would do if the door was locked.
她问如果门锁了她该怎么办。
?
[Amber demo]
第二十二章
will/would,shall/
should的其他用法
?
关于表示命令的 will/shall参见第282节。
关于表示请求的 will/would参见第284节。
关于表示邀请的 will/would参见第286节。
关于 would/should与like,prefer,wish等连用参见第二十九章。
?
[Amber demo]
230 用will,would表示习惯
?
A 现在的习惯性动作通常用一般现在时表示,但如果想要强调施动者的特征而非动作本身,则可用 will+不带to的不定式(即动词原形)结构。这主要用于一般陈述句:
An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.
英国人通常是会在街上给你指路的。(英国人这样表现是正常的。)这并非will的一种很重要的用法,它的过去时would的用处要广泛得多。我们描述过去例行的活动时,可以用would代替used to:
On Sundays he used to/would get up early and go fishing. He used to/ would spend the whole day by the river and in the evening used to/would come home with marvellous stories of the fish he had nearly caught.
星期天他总是早起钓鱼去。他整天都在河边钓鱼,晚间才回到家里,总要讲一些奇妙的故事,说他差一点儿就钓到多大的鱼。
但要注意 used to表示已经不再有的习惯时,不能用 would来代替。(参见第162节。)
这样用的will和would可以有缩略形式。
B will还可以表示执意坚持,通常是习惯性的:
If you′will keep your watch half an hour slow it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.
如果你一定要让你的表慢半个小时,你约会时迟到就不足为怪了。
在有关过去的事中使用would:
We all tried to stop him smoking in bed but he′would do it.
我们都劝他不要躺在床上吸烟,可他老是要这样做。
这里will和would不能缩略,而且要加强重读。
C would可表示某人的一种典型的动作,一般这种动作使说话人讨厌:
―Bill objects/objected.
―He′would!/He′would object!
―比尔反对。
―他总是反对!
?
[Amber demo]
231 should/would think+that从句或so/not
?
(关于so/not用于代替从句参见第347节。)
A ―Will it be expensive?
―I should/would think so./I should think it would.I shouldn’t think it would./I shouldn’t/wouldn’t think so./I should/would think not.
―这个会很贵吗?
―我想是的。/我想不。
回答这一类问题时,回答人暗示他并不确实知道,只是凭印象而言。 I should/would think 表示的语气没有I think那么肯定。
should/would think引导一个附加评论时,一般不能用so/ not。这时必须使用that从句:
―He’s an astrologer, looking for work.
―I shouldn’t/wouldn’t think that he’d find it easy to get work.
―他是一个星相家,正在找工作。
―我想他大概不会感到找到一份工作是容易的。
B 如果评论发生在过去的动作,可以用should/would have thought:
―He actually got a job as an astrologer.
―I shouldn’t/wouldn’t have thought that it was possibe to do that.
―他真的以星相家的身份找了一份工作。
―我本来认为那是不可能的。
C should/would have expected+不定式结构/that从句也是可行的。有时非人称代词you可代替I:
―She has emigrated.
―Has she? You’d/I’d have expected her to stay in this country.
―她移居国外
我们希望他愿意听她的话。
B if only+一般过去时/过去完成时表示遗憾(参见第300节wish+一般过去时或过去完成时):
If only he didn’ t smoke!
要是他不吸烟该多好!相当于:
We wish he didn’t smoke./We are sorry he smokes.
我们希望他不吸烟。/他吸烟我们感到遗憾。
If only(=I/We wish) Tom were here!
汤姆要是在这里就好了!
If only you hadn’t said,‘Liar’!
要是你没说“你撒谎”就好了。相当于:
We wish you hadn’t said,‘Liar’/We are sorry you said,‘Liar.’
颐窍M忝凰怠澳闳龌选薄#闼盗恕澳闳龌选保颐歉械揭藕丁?
C if only+would表示对于现在的动作的遗憾,可以作为 if only +一般过去时的替代说法,它具有 wish+would的含义:
If only he would drive more slowly!
要是他肯开得慢一些就好了!相当于:
We are sorry that he isn’t willing to drive more slowly.
他不愿意开得慢一些,我们感到遗憾。
if only+would也可以表示没有多大希望实现的关于将来的愿望:
If only(=I/We wish) the rain would stop!
要是雨能停该多好!(我/我们希望雨停,但我们想雨会继续下个不停。)(参见第300节与第301节有关wish部分。)
if only从句如上所述可以单独使用,也可以作为一个完整的条件句的组成部分。
?
[Amber demo]
229 间接引语中的条件句
?
A 条件句类型1的基本形式在这里时态的变化遵循通常的规律:
He said,‘If I catch the plane I’ll be home by five.’
他说:“我如果能赶上这班飞机,5点钟以前就可以到家了。”相当于:
He said that if he caught the plane he would be home by five.
他说他如果能赶上那班飞机,5点钟以前就可以到家了。
条件句类型2的基本形式在这里时态不变:
‘If I had a permit I could get a job,’he said.
他说:“如果我有许可证就能找到工作。”相当于:
He said that if he had a permit he could get a job.
他说如果他有许可证就能找到工作。
条件句类型3的基本形式在这里时态不变:
‘If she had loved Tom,’ he said,‘she wouldn’t have left him.’
他说:“如果她喜欢汤姆,就不会离开他。”相当于:
He said that if she had loved Tom she wouldn’t have left him.
他说如果她喜欢汤姆的话就不会离开他。
B 关于if从句+命令或者要求在间接引语中的例句(参见第320节与第321节):
He said,‘If you have time wash the floor.’
他说:“如果你有时间,擦一擦地板。”
He said,‘If you have time would you wash the floor?’
他说:“如果你有时间,你能擦一擦地板吗?”相当于:
He told/asked me to wash the floor if I had time.
他叫/要我有时间的话擦一擦地板。
He said that if I had time I was to wash the floor.
他说如果我有时间的话就擦一擦地板。
‘If you see Ann ask her to ring me,’he said.
他说:“如果你遇到安,叫她给我打个电话。”相当于:
He said that if I saw Ann I was to ask her to ring him.
他说如果我看到安,告诉她给他打个电话。(这里如用 ask+不定式结构就变得很拗口,也不十分清楚。)
Peter(on phone): If you miss the last bus get a taxi.
彼得(在打电话):如果你们误了末班车,就雇一辆出租汽车。
Peter says that if we miss the last bus we are to get a taxi.
彼得说如果我们误了末班车就雇一辆出租汽车。
(关于if you would…表示要求,参见第284节F。)
C 关于在间接引语中的if从句+劝告的表示法:
‘If you feel ill,’she said,‘why don’t you go to bed?’/‘…you’d bet- ter go to bed.’
她说:“如果你感到不舒服为什么不躺一下?”/…你最好上床休息。
She advised me to go to bed if I felt ill.
她劝我,如果感到不舒服了就上床休息。
She said that if I felt ill I’d better/I should go to bed.
她说如果我感到不舒服了我最好/应当上床休息。
‘If I were you I’d stop taking pills,’she said.
她说:“如果我是你的话,我就停止吃药。”相当于:
She advised me to stop taking pills.
她劝我停止吃药。
D if从句+疑问句结构在间接引语中通常把if从句置于句末:
‘If the baby is a girl what will they call her?’ he wondered.
他心里想:“如果生的是个女孩,他们会给她取个什么名字?”相当于:
He wondered what they would call the baby if it was a girl.
他心里想,如果生的是个女孩,他们会给她取个什么名字。
‘ If the door is locked what shall I do?’ she asked.
她问道:“如果门锁了我该怎么办?”相当于:
She asked what she would do if the door was locked.
她问如果门锁了她该怎么办。
?
[Amber demo]
第二十二章
will/would,shall/
should的其他用法
?
关于表示命令的 will/shall参见第282节。
关于表示请求的 will/would参见第284节。
关于表示邀请的 will/would参见第286节。
关于 would/should与like,prefer,wish等连用参见第二十九章。
?
[Amber demo]
230 用will,would表示习惯
?
A 现在的习惯性动作通常用一般现在时表示,但如果想要强调施动者的特征而非动作本身,则可用 will+不带to的不定式(即动词原形)结构。这主要用于一般陈述句:
An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.
英国人通常是会在街上给你指路的。(英国人这样表现是正常的。)这并非will的一种很重要的用法,它的过去时would的用处要广泛得多。我们描述过去例行的活动时,可以用would代替used to:
On Sundays he used to/would get up early and go fishing. He used to/ would spend the whole day by the river and in the evening used to/would come home with marvellous stories of the fish he had nearly caught.
星期天他总是早起钓鱼去。他整天都在河边钓鱼,晚间才回到家里,总要讲一些奇妙的故事,说他差一点儿就钓到多大的鱼。
但要注意 used to表示已经不再有的习惯时,不能用 would来代替。(参见第162节。)
这样用的will和would可以有缩略形式。
B will还可以表示执意坚持,通常是习惯性的:
If you′will keep your watch half an hour slow it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.
如果你一定要让你的表慢半个小时,你约会时迟到就不足为怪了。
在有关过去的事中使用would:
We all tried to stop him smoking in bed but he′would do it.
我们都劝他不要躺在床上吸烟,可他老是要这样做。
这里will和would不能缩略,而且要加强重读。
C would可表示某人的一种典型的动作,一般这种动作使说话人讨厌:
―Bill objects/objected.
―He′would!/He′would object!
―比尔反对。
―他总是反对!
?
[Amber demo]
231 should/would think+that从句或so/not
?
(关于so/not用于代替从句参见第347节。)
A ―Will it be expensive?
―I should/would think so./I should think it would.I shouldn’t think it would./I shouldn’t/wouldn’t think so./I should/would think not.
―这个会很贵吗?
―我想是的。/我想不。
回答这一类问题时,回答人暗示他并不确实知道,只是凭印象而言。 I should/would think 表示的语气没有I think那么肯定。
should/would think引导一个附加评论时,一般不能用so/ not。这时必须使用that从句:
―He’s an astrologer, looking for work.
―I shouldn’t/wouldn’t think that he’d find it easy to get work.
―他是一个星相家,正在找工作。
―我想他大概不会感到找到一份工作是容易的。
B 如果评论发生在过去的动作,可以用should/would have thought:
―He actually got a job as an astrologer.
―I shouldn’t/wouldn’t have thought that it was possibe to do that.
―他真的以星相家的身份找了一份工作。
―我本来认为那是不可能的。
C should/would have expected+不定式结构/that从句也是可行的。有时非人称代词you可代替I:
―She has emigrated.
―Has she? You’d/I’d have expected her to stay in this country.
―她移居国外
